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Reinforcements

CivilFEM supports the definition of bending, shear and torsion. Data corresponding to each of these three types of reinforcements are described next.

Bending and Axial Reinforcement

The bending reinforcement of the concrete sections is organized into groups with no limit on the quantity of groups defined.

The reinforcement groups can be located on any face defined in the section. Bending reinforcement groups in CivilFEM can be defined by one of the following ways:

Amount	Total reinforcement group area
Number of bars	Number of bars in a group and its diameter
Separation	Space between bars and diameter of bars

When axial and bending reinforcement definition is introduced by any of the three options above, the rest of the data will calculated automatically. If reinforcement is defined by bars, specifically, not distributed uniformly, and the number of bars is not an integer, CivilFEM will round this number to the closest natural number and recalculate the new corresponding space among the bars.

Data needed for reinforcement definition:

Name

Name of the reinforcement group.

Class

Class of the reinforcement group. Two types:

Scalable reinforcement (the amount of the reinforcement can be

increased or reduced by CivilFEM in the design process).

Fixed reinforcement (the reinforcement amount will not be modified by

CivilFEM in the design process)

MC

Mechanical cover.

Point 1

Coordinate pair of point 1.

Point 2

Coordinate pair of point 2.

Φ

Reinforcing bars diameter.

Area

If reinforcement definition is by amount, user must enter the total area

but if It is by number of bars or by separation this area value is the

resultant area (non editable).

Number of bars

Number of reinforcing bars.

Spacing

Distance between bars.

Distribution

Situation of the reinforcement group bars at the ends of the face:

a) Distribution: Includes bars at both ends of the face.

The bar spacing is calculated by the following expression:

s = L / (N -1)

b) Include bar only at end 1.

The bar spacing is calculated by the following expression:

s = 2*L / (2*N -1)

c) Include bar only at end 2.

The bar spacing is calculated by the following expression:

s = 2*L / (2*N -1)

d) Do not include bars at both ends. This value should be used for circular sections to avoid bars superposition at both ends.

The bar spacing is calculated by the following expression:

s = L/ N

e) Include bars at both ends with a distance equal to the mechanical cover (Mc).

The bar spacing is calculated by the following expression:

s = (L-2*Mc)/(N-1)

Mc	Mechanical cover.
Gc	Geometrical cover: concrete clear cover.
Ast	Total reinforcement group area.
Asl	Reinforcement group area per unit length.
N	Number of bars.
Nl	Number of bars per unit length.
S	Distance between bars.

Shear Reinforcement

Shear reinforcement in cross sections is defined by accurate parameters. In CivilFEM the possible input parameters include:

Ass	Area per unit length.
As-S	Input of a stirrups’ total area and the distance between stirrups.
N-S-Fi	Input of the longitudinal spacing of the stirrups and the diameters of bars.

Data of this group are the following:

Material	Material of shear reinforcement.
ALPY	Angle of the shear Y stirrups with the longitudinal axis of the member (degrees).
ALPZ	Angle of the shear Z stirrups with the longitudinal axis of the member (degrees).
ASSY	Area per unit of length for shear Y.
ASSZ	Area per unit length for shear Z.
ASY	Area of stirrups for shear Y
ASZ	Area of stirrups for shear Z
S	Longitudinal spacing of the stirrups.
FI	Diameter of stirrups’ bars (in mm).
NY	Number of legs for shear Y.
NZ	Number of legs for shear Z.

Torsion Reinforcement

The possible input parameters for torsion reinforcement definition are the following:

Transverse torsion reinforcement:
AssT	Introduction of the total transverse reinforcement area per unit of length.
AsT-s	Introduction of the total area of the stirrup and distance between stirrups.
FiT-s	Introduction of the diameter of the stirrup and distance between stirrups.
Longitudinal torsion reinforcement
Asl	Introduction of the total longitudinal torsion reinforcement area.
N-FiL	Number of bars and diameter.

MAT	Material number associated to torsional reinforcement
ASST	Area per unit length of transversal reinforcement
AST	Stirrups area for torsion.
S	Longitudinal spacing of the stirrups
FIT	Diameter of stirrups bars.
ASL	Total area of longitudinal reinforcement.
FIL	Diameter of bars of longitudinal reinforcement.
N	Number of longitudinal bars.